Casuarina Prison is located on Wadjuk Noongar land, 35 kilometres south of Perth.

Casuarina Prison is a maximum-security prison for male prisoners. Originally intended primarily for sentenced prisoners, it now also holds a significant number of remand prisoners. It also provides specialist statewide services in the Special Handling Unit, Special Protection Unit, Infirmary, Crisis Care Unit, and Mallee Rehabilitation Centre.

Casuarina Prison opened in 1991, replacing the colonial era Fremantle Prison. Its original design capacity was for 397 prisoners. With double-bunking of cells, the prison population increased to around 530 by 1998. A major riot occurred on Christmas Day in 1998, which prompted additions to security infrastructure.

The prison population continued to rise, reaching 690 in 2010. Two new accommodation units were built, providing 128 new cells (256 beds). The first of these opened in late 2012. The next major expansion started in 2019, with work commencing on four new units with a total of 256 cells (512 beds). These opened in 2020 and 2021. In July 2022, one of these four units was designated as a temporary youth custodial facility, managed separately from Casuarina Prison.